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Writing

Determine if Writable

The isWritable() determines if a stream is writable or not.

$a = FileStream::open('people.txt', 'r+b');
$b = FileStream::open('contacts.txt', 'rb');

echo $a->isWritable(); // true
echo $b->isWritable(); // false

Write

Use the write() method to write data to the stream.

The method returns amount of bytes written to the stream.

$stream = FileStream::openTemporary();
$bytes = $stream->write('abc');

echo $bytes; // 3

Behind the scene, PHP's fwrite() is used for writing data to the stream.

Write Formatted

If you want to write data using a specific format, then you can use the writeFormatted() method.

The method accepts a $format argument, as specified by PHP's fprintf(), and an arbitrary amount of values.

Similar to write(), this method also returns the amount of bytes written to the stream.

$stream = FileStream::openTemporary();

$greetings = 'Hi there';
$name = 'John';

$bytes = $stream->writeFormatted('%s <<%s>>', $greetings, $name);

echo $bytes; // 16
echo (string) $stream; // Hi there <<John>>

Put

Alternatively, you can use the put() method to write data to a stream. This method is a "fluent" version of write().

$stream = FileStream::openTemporary()
    ->put('a')
    ->put('b')
    ->put('c');

echo (string) $stream; // abc

Put Formatted

putFormatted() is a "fluent" version of the writeFormatted() method.

$stream = FileStream::openTemporary();

$a = 'Hi there';
$b = 'John';
$c = 'Smith'

$stream
    ->putFormatted('%s ', $a)
    ->putFormatted('<<%s ', $b)
    ->putFormatted('%s>>', $c);

echo (string) $stream; // Hi there <<John Smith>>

Append

The append() method is able to add data, at the end of the stream, if the stream is seekable. If the stream is not seekable, then a StreamNotSeekable exception will be thrown.

The method accepts four arguments:

$data: Data to be appended.
int|null $length: (optional) Maximum bytes to append. By default, all bytes left in $data are appended.
int $offset: (optional) The offset where to start to copy data (offset on $data).
int|null $maximumMemory: (optional) Maximum amount of bytes, before writing to a temporary file. (Defaults to 2 MB if not specified).

The $maximumMemory argument is relevant when $data is a pure string, or numeric. If that is the case, then the append() method will wrap the $data into a "temporary" stream internally, before reading from it.

$stream = FileStream::open('people.txt', 'r+b')
    ->append("\nJohn");

Behind the scene, PHP's stream_copy_to_stream() is used to append.

Append Resource

To append data from a resource, pass in the resource as the $data argument.

$resource = fopen('contacts.txt', 'r');

$stream = FileStream::open('people.txt', 'r+b')
    ->append($resource);

Append Stream

You may also append directly from another stream.

$from = FileStream::open('contacts.txt', 'r');

$stream = FileStream::open('people.txt', 'r+b')
    ->append($from);

Caution

When pure PSR-7 StreamInterface is appended

If you choose to append from pure "PSR stream" (a stream that inherits from StreamInterface, but not from \Aedart\Contracts\Streams\Stream), then the given "data" stream is automatically detached.

$stream = FileStream::open('people.txt', 'r+b')
    ->append($psrStream);

// Attempt using "psr stream" after it was appended...
$psrStream->rewind(); // Invalid - Exception is thrown

The reason for this behavior is due to the limitation of PSR-7's defined StreamInterface. There is no safe way to obtain a reference to the underlying resource, without detaching it. PHP's native stream_copy_to_stream() can therefore not be applied. One would have to "manually" read the "data" stream, and add chunks of data manually. Such could impact performance significantly.

Workaround

To avoid loosing reference to the underlying resource, of the given "data" stream, you SHOULD wrap it into a Stream component provided by this package, using the makeFrom() method.

// Detached "PSR stream" and wrapped into FileStream
$from = FileStream::makeFrom($psrStream);

$stream = FileStream::open('people.txt', 'r+b')
    ->append($from);

$from->rewind(); // Stream rewound

Copy

In situations when you wish to copy the stream, then you can use the copy() method.

This method will create a new "temporary" stream via openTemporary().

It accepts optional $length and $offset as arguments.

$stream = FileStream::open('my-file.txt', 'r+b')
    ->put('abc')
    ->positionToStart();

$copyA = $stream->copy();
$copyB = $stream
    ->positionToStart()
    ->copy(1, 1);

echo $copyA; // abc
echo $copyB; // b

Note

The initial stream's position is affected by the copy() method.

Behind the scene, PHP's stream_copy_to_stream() is used for the copy operation.

Copy To Target

If you wish to copy a stream into a specific target stream, then use the copyTo() method.

It accepts a $target stream, $length and $offset as optional arguments.

$stream = FileStream::open('my-file.txt', 'r+b')
    ->put('abc')
    ->positionToStart();

$target = FileStream::open('target.txt', 'r+b');
$copy = $stream->copyTo($target, 1, 1);

echo ($copy === $target); // true
echo (string) $copy; // b